Bachelor’s Degree in Law in Madrid

As the starting point of the Bachelor's Degree (Hons) in Law, this module provides a structured overview of the legal system and its sources —including the effectiveness of the Constitution and the EU framework— and introduces students to the origins, evolution and reforms of the Civil Code. It then explores the law of persons in depth (legal capacity, civil status, age, marriage and kinship, nationality and regional civil law status, absence and death, the Civil Register, personality rights and data protection), and concludes with an analysis of the legal transaction (elements, interpretation and invalidity). Competency-based approach: it strengthens critical reasoning, legal communication and the use of legal sources (legislation, case law and doctrine), through case-solving and guided debate. Teaching and workload are aligned with 6 ECTS and 180 total hours across lectures and practical classes, independent study and tutorials. Assessment combines continuous assessment (20%) and a final exam (80%), and passing the exam is mandatory to pass the module; continuous assessment is not resittable and is carried over to the resit period. This structure supports a strong, applied understanding of the general part of Civil Law from the first term of year 1.

With an ethical and constitutional focus, this module introduces the foundations of public law and the values that underpin responsible legal practice. Through the study of the constitutional state, its sources of law and the development of fundamental rights, students gain a solid understanding of the Spanish and European legal system. The principles of equality, liberty and justice are examined as pillars of democratic coexistence, alongside the duties and safeguards that support them. The module fosters professional integrity and ethical commitment, essential for legal practice, strengthening skills in analysis, argumentation and legal advocacy. With a workload of 7.5 ECTS (225 hours), it combines lectures, practical case work and tutorials, with assessment based on a practical case (20%) and a final exam (80%), aligned with eserp’s standards of academic and professional ethics excellence.

This module explores the origins, evolution and foundations of the Spanish legal system within the context of the European legal tradition, examining the formation of the state and its institutions from Antiquity to the 1978 Constitution. It offers a comparative overview of Roman, Visigothic, medieval and modern law, highlighting the processes of Romanisation, codification and constitutionalism that shaped today’s legal framework. Through the study of sources, doctrines and historical transformations, students develop a critical understanding of law as a social and cultural phenomenon, strengthening competencies in historical-legal analysis, argumentation and the use of sources. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it combines lectures, seminars and practical coursework, with assessment based on a final exam (60%), an academic assignment (30%) and active participation (10%), promoting a rigorous and reflective grounding in the historical foundations of law.

This module provides a comprehensive understanding of the meaning, structure and function of law within the social and political system, addressing its conceptual, normative and value-based dimensions. Through the study of legal doctrine, interpretation and justice, students analyse how rules are articulated with ethical principles and the social realities that legitimise the legal order. The module promotes critical reasoning, argumentation and interdisciplinary integration, all essential for professional legal practice. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it combines lectures, practical sessions and tutorials, grounded in legal-philosophical reflection and case analysis. Assessment is weighted between a theoretical exam (70%) and coursework or practical case work (30%), ensuring a rigorous foundation in the theoretical bases of contemporary legal thought.

This module forms the historical and conceptual basis of European legal thought, providing a comprehensive overview of the Roman legal system and its decisive influence on contemporary civil law. Through the study of public, procedural and private law, it examines the institutions of personhood, family, property, obligations, contracts and succession, alongside the role of the Justinian Compilation as a key vehicle for the transmission of the Western legal tradition. The module combines historical rigour with practical application, developing skills in analysis, interpretation and the use of legal sources. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it integrates lectures, practical sessions, readings and oral presentations. Assessment is structured around two mid-term exams (40% + 40%) and practical activities (20%), consolidating a strong understanding of legal foundations from their Roman roots to their projection in modern legal systems.

It provides the essential competencies for the professional use of information and communication technologies applied to the legal and business environment. Students learn to use office software tools, find reliable information and organise data accurately, developing skills in document editing, analysis and information management. The module enhances digital productivity, the automation of legal knowledge and efficient communication through advanced technological resources. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it combines theory and practice in digital environments, with tutorial support and applied exercises. Assessment is structured around coursework (30%), an initial practical task (10%) and two pass/fail mid-term assessments (30% + 30%), designed to consolidate rigorous, independent technological training aligned with the demands of contemporary legal practice.

It develops an in-depth study of the law of obligations, addressing the structure, effects and termination of proprietary legal relationships, both contractual and non-contractual. Students analyse the essential elements of an obligation —parties, subject matter and cause— and the mechanisms of performance, breach and security, as well as the concepts of contract, quasi-contract and civil liability. This training develops the ability to apply legal rules, interpret case law and argue with rigour in matters of private property and patrimonial law. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines lectures, case-solving and personalised tutorials. Assessment is based on continuous assessment (20%) and a final exam (80%), with passing the exam required. This module consolidates the foundations of private patrimonial law, preparing students for the analysis of contracts and property rights in the subsequent stages of the degree.

This module introduces the fundamental principles of economic and financial analysis applied to the legal field, providing a rigorous understanding of how markets, public-sector intervention and state finances operate. The programme covers key concepts such as production, prices, inflation, unemployment and the public budget, analysing their impact on economic and social justice. Students develop skills to interpret economic indicators, analyse fiscal policy and understand the structure of state income and expenditure. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it combines lectures, problem-solving and the analysis of current affairs case studies. Assessment is weighted between a final exam (70%) and applied practical work (30%), fostering a critical and practical view of political economy as an essential tool for public management and law.

This module introduces the foundations of jurisdictional law, which governs the role of the courts and guarantees the right to effective judicial protection. Students gain a structural understanding of the Judiciary, legal action and legal proceedings, analysing their organisation, constitutional principles and key participants —judges, public prosecutors, lawyers and court procurators—. It covers the sources of procedural law, types of proceedings and procedural acts, integrating theory with practice through exercises and case law analysis. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines lectures, practical sessions and tutorials. Assessment is weighted between theoretical-practical assessments (60%) and applied activities (40%), consolidating competencies in legal argumentation, advocacy and procedural representation essential for professional legal practice.

This module explores in greater depth the constitutional organisation of the state and how its institutions operate, analysing the Monarchy, the Cortes Generales (Parliament), the Government, the Judiciary and the Constitutional Court. It also addresses the development of the autonomous state model, its institutional structure and the distribution of powers between the state and the autonomous communities. Through the study of the parliamentary system, constitutional justice and regional financing, students gain a comprehensive understanding of Spain’s political model. With a workload of 7.5 ECTS (225 hours), it combines lectures, practical sessions, seminars and tutorials focused on legal analysis and constitutional reasoning. Assessment is weighted between a theoretical exam (60–80%) and practical activities and coursework (20–40%), consolidating core competencies for interpreting and applying contemporary public law.

This module introduces the foundations of the Spanish financial and tax system, providing the tools needed to understand and apply the rules governing public revenue. Students learn to identify the sources of financial law, the constitutional principles of tax justice and the financial powers of public bodies. It examines taxes in their different forms, as well as the procedures for administration, inspection, collection and review, together with the penalties arising from non-compliance. With a workload of 7.5 ECTS (225 hours), it combines lectures, case-solving and specialist seminars. Assessment is weighted between a theoretical exam (60%) and practical assessments (40%), guiding students towards a technical and ethical command of public taxation and legal representation in tax matters.

This module provides a comprehensive overview of employment law as an autonomous legal discipline, covering its origins, sources of law and specific principles of application. Students study the employment contract in depth —its elements, types, and the rights and duties of the parties— as well as inter-company arrangements, working time, pay, mobility and grounds for termination. The module promotes a critical understanding of the employment framework and its impact on worker protection. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines lectures, practical sessions and personalised tutorials. Assessment combines a theoretical assessment (60%), a practical assessment (20%) and continuous assessment (20%), ensuring a solid grounding in the legal and social fundamentals of work, essential for professional practice in employment and social security law.

This module provides a global overview of the international legal order, its institutions and the principles governing relations between states and other international actors. The programme examines the creation of international rules and obligations —custom, treaties, institutional acts and general principles of law— as well as international responsibility and the mechanisms used to ensure compliance. It also covers the peaceful settlement of disputes and the prohibition of the use of force as the basis of international coexistence. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), the module combines theory, practical case work and case law analysis, fostering legal argumentation and a critical understanding of the international system. Assessment is weighted between theoretical-practical assessments (70%) and coursework and applied case studies (30%), supporting a rigorous and up-to-date education in public international law.

This module explores the law of contract in greater depth, analysing the different types of contract recognised in the Spanish legal system and their role in private patrimonial transactions. The programme covers sale and purchase, gifts, leases, agency, loans, civil partnerships, deposit, guarantee, settlement and arbitration, as well as aleatory contracts and contracts for works or services. Particular attention is given to judicial interpretation and consumer protection, integrating the practical dimension of civil contracting. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines theory, case analysis and case law research. Assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (20%) and theoretical-practical assessments (80%), with passing the final exam required. This module strengthens skills in contract drafting, analysis and application, essential for legal practice and the resolution of civil disputes.

This module provides a systematic understanding of administrative law as a core element of how public power operates and how it relates to citizens. The programme covers the organisation and powers of the public administration, the sources of administrative law and the legal regime governing administrative acts and procedures. It examines the effectiveness, invalidity and review of administrative acts, as well as judicial oversight through the judicial review procedure in administrative law. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it combines lectures, case-solving and tutorials focused on the practical analysis of administrative legality. Assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (40%) and theoretical-practical assessments (60%), strengthening competencies in statutory interpretation, legal argumentation and the defence of the principle of legality within the rule of law.

This module consolidates the study of property law and rights in rem, covering the institutions that regulate ownership, possession and the ways in which rights over property are acquired and extinguished. The programme explores ownership and its limits, co-ownership, condominium ownership and the Land Registry, as well as usufruct, easements, pledges and mortgages. It promotes a practical understanding of the social function of property and the mechanisms used to secure credit. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines theory, case-solving and tutorials focused on applied legal reasoning. Assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (20%) and a final exam (80%), which is a mandatory requirement to pass the module. This module completes the cycle of patrimonial civil law, integrating a comprehensive view of the legal regime governing property.

This module completes the training in administrative law through the study of the organisation and operation of public administrations, the legal regime governing public contracts and public property and the status of public sector staff. The programme examines central, regional and local government structures, public procurement procedures, and the principles of legality, effectiveness and oversight that govern administrative management. It also analyses the rights, duties and incompatibilities of public employees, together with the protection of public assets. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines theory, practical sessions and tutorials focused on resolving real-world cases. Assessment is weighted between coursework and practical case work (20–40%) and theoretical-practical assessments (60–80%), strengthening skills in analysis, argumentation and the application of public law in institutional management.

This module provides a global perspective on the legal and institutional evolution of Europe, from its cultural and political roots to the consolidation of the contemporary European Union. Students analyse the integration projects that emerged after the world wars, the creation of the European Communities and key milestones in their development —from the Treaties of Rome and Maastricht to current challenges such as Brexit and the economic crisis. The module promotes an understanding of European identity through law as a shared cultural and political expression. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it combines lectures, text commentary, source analysis and tutorials. Assessment is weighted between coursework and practical tasks (20–40%) and theoretical-practical assessments (60–80%), fostering a critical and in-depth view of the European integration process and its projection within the international legal order.

This module explores the civil procedure in greater depth, analysing its structure, principles and stages from a practical, rights-based perspective. Students develop the competencies needed to understand the declaratory stage, enforcement of judgments and interim measures, as well as special civil proceedings. The module covers rules on jurisdiction, procedural representation, evidence, appeals and mechanisms for judicial enforcement. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it integrates theory, case law analysis and the resolution of real-world cases. Assessment combines coursework and practical case studies (20–40%) and theoretical-practical assessments (60–80%), building technical mastery of civil litigation and procedural argumentation essential for professional legal practice.

This module focuses English learning on its application in the legal and professional context, combining reinforcement of general grammar with the development of legal and technical vocabulary relevant to law. Students reach B2 level on the Common European Framework of Reference, improving their spoken and written comprehension and production through exercises, readings and specialist debates. Key areas include criminal, civil, commercial and employment law, using authentic materials and contextualised terminology. With a workload of 6 ECTS (150 hours), the methodology integrates practical classes, oral presentations and collaborative work. Assessment is based on a final exam (50%), activities and practical work (40%) and online tests (10%), consolidating effective, accurate language competence for international legal settings.

This module introduces the foundations of criminal law and the general structure of criminal offences, providing the conceptual and methodological basis for legal analysis. Students study the concept and functions of criminal law, theories of punishment, the principle of legality, and the interpretation and application of criminal legislation. The module explores the legal theory of crime up to the objective wrongfulness element of an intentional act offence, addressing issues such as conduct, intent, causation and objective attribution. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines theory, case-solving and practical debates. Assessment is weighted between a theoretical-practical exam (70%) and additional and practical activities (30%), developing critical reasoning, legal argumentation and the application of criminal law principles to real-world disputes.

Introduces the principles and foundations of commercial law as the discipline governing business activity and the legal relationships arising from trade. Students examine the role of the entrepreneur (business owner) and their legal status, the structure and operation of the undertaking and the commercial establishment, as well as mechanisms of register-based publicity and liability. The module also analyses competition law — free competition and unfair competition — and industrial property in its different forms (trade marks, patents and industrial designs). With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines theory, case-solving and legislative analysis. Assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (20%) and a final theoretical–practical examination (80%), consolidating skills in statutory interpretation, economic–legal analysis, and the practical application of business law, supporting graduate employability through clear career progression pathways.

Provides a comprehensive overview of the legal framework applicable to international private relationships, addressing conflicts of laws, jurisdiction, and the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions. Students learn to identify the international element in legal relationships and to apply the principles of international jurisdiction, applicable law and legal cooperation. Key areas include property law, family law and succession, alongside the practical impact of EU regulations and international conventions on legal practice. With a workload of 7.5 ECTS (225 hours), it combines lectures, case-solving and group coursework. Assessment is weighted between a theoretical–practical examination (70%) and applied activities (30%), strengthening analytical and comparative competences essential for legal practice in a global, interconnected environment, enhancing graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Explores family law in depth, analysing the institutions governing the personal and financial relationships arising from marriage, parentage and guardianship. Students examine the legal nature of marriage, its effects, breakdown and matrimonial property regimes — especially the community of property regime (sociedad de gananciales) — as well as the institutions of parental responsibility, foster care and adoption. The module combines statutory analysis with practical application through case work and debates on the most recent reforms, including those relating to disability and the safeguarding of children. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (30%) and theoretical–practical tests (70%), strengthening skills in legal interpretation, advocacy and applied legal drafting for contemporary family law, supporting graduate employability and career progression pathways.

Examines the core areas of special administrative law, focusing on the state liability of the public administration, compulsory purchase and the forms of administrative action. Students analyse the legal basis of compulsory purchase powers, the procedure and compensation safeguards, as well as mechanisms of control and judicial review. The module also covers regulatory intervention, promotion and public service activities, including sanctioning powers, grants and the management of public services. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines theory, case-solving and applied coursework. Assessment is weighted across theoretical–practical assessments (60%), coursework and participation (10–30%) and accredited activities (10–30%), strengthening legal analytical ability and practical understanding of administrative decision-making, supporting graduate employability and career progression pathways.

Develops an advanced understanding of company law, covering the legal regime governing commercial companies and their role in business activity. Students analyse the types of company, their incorporation, governance and operation, with particular focus on public limited companies (SAs) and private limited companies (SLs). The module also examines corporate restructurings (merger, demerger, conversion and dissolution), annual accounts, and specialist forms such as listed companies, professional firms and cooperatives. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it combines lectures, case-solving and case-law analysis. Assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (40%) and a final examination (60%), which must be passed. This training consolidates the competences needed to interpret, apply and manage company law in real business and legal contexts, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Continues the training in criminal law started in the first part, focusing on the second part of the legal theory of the offence and on the legal consequences of crime. Students explore in depth key concepts such as omission, perpetration and participation, culpability, criminal responsibility (imputability) and defences, as well as the analysis of sentencing, security measures and civil liability arising from crime. Through practical casework and case-law analysis, the module develops the capacity for criminal legal reasoning, legal argumentation and the subsumption of facts. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines lectures, practical sessions and complementary activities. Assessment is weighted between a final examination (70%) and applied activities, readings and participation (30%), consolidating essential competences for rigorous, ethically grounded interpretation and application of criminal law, supporting graduate employability and career progression pathways.

Analiza el marco jurídico de la libertad de conciencia y religiosa en el Estado español, así como los principios constitucionales de laicidad, igualdad y cooperación entre los poderes públicos y las confesiones religiosas. El programa aborda los modelos históricos y actuales de relación entre el Estado y el fenómeno religioso, las fuentes normativas, los acuerdos con las distintas confesiones y su aplicación práctica en ámbitos como la educación, la comunicación, la bioética o el derecho matrimonial. También se examina el régimen jurídico, económico y tributario de las confesiones religiosas y la asistencia espiritual en instituciones públicas. Con una carga de 3 ECTS (90 horas), combina teoría, análisis de casos y trabajos en grupo. La evaluación pondera actividades y trabajos (20–40%) y pruebas teórico-prácticas (60–80%), promoviendo una comprensión crítica y actual del pluralismo religioso y la protección jurídica de la libertad de conciencia en el Estado democrático.

Completes procedural training through the study of the criminal process, its structure, principles and stages, ensuring a comprehensive view of the criminal justice system. Students analyse the procedural parties, the jurisdiction of the courts and the criminal investigation stage, as well as the conduct of the trial hearing, the judgment, appeals and the enforcement of criminal sentences. The module also covers ordinary and special criminal procedures, including the abbreviated procedure, fast-track trial, jury trial and youth justice proceedings. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines theory, case-solving and procedural simulation practice. Assessment is weighted between coursework and practical casework (20–40%) and theoretical–practical assessments (60–80%), consolidating competences in advocacy, procedural strategy and technical defence before the courts, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Provides an in-depth study of the Spanish tax system at state, regional and local levels, covering the main direct and indirect taxes that shape its structure. Students analyse in detail Personal Income Tax (IRPF), Corporate Tax (Impuesto sobre Sociedades), VAT (IVA), taxes on wealth, inheritance and gifts, as well as excise duties and local taxes. The module promotes technical command of the legal framework and the ability to apply taxation to real scenarios, developing competences in tax advisory work and tax management. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), the methodology combines theory, practical cases, readings and collaborative work-based learning. Assessment is weighted between activities and casework (40%) and a theoretical–practical assessment (60%), ensuring robust training in applied taxation and in how tax authorities operate across different territorial levels, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Develops a comprehensive study of succession law, focused on the transfer of assets on death and the institutions that give effect to the deceased’s wishes. Students analyse testate and intestate succession, capacity to inherit, acceptance and distribution of the estate, as well as forced heirship entitlements, reserved portions and testamentary substitutions. The module incorporates recent reforms relating to disability and the exercise of legal capacity, alongside the impact of the EU Succession Regulation. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), the methodology combines theory, case-solving and case-law analysis. Assessment is weighted between coursework and practical work (20–40%) and theoretical–practical assessments (60–80%), consolidating competences in legal drafting, statutory interpretation and succession planning within contemporary civil law, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Completes training in criminal law through the study of the special part of the spanish criminal code, focusing on the most significant offences against personal, property and collective legal interests. Students analyse criminal offences relating to life, physical and moral integrity, liberty, sexual freedom, property and public administration, applying the knowledge acquired in the general part. The module develops mastery of subsumption technique, case-law interpretation and criminal legal argumentation, all essential for professional practice. With a workload of 6 ECTS (180 hours), it combines lectures, case-solving and case-law analysis. Assessment is weighted across a theoretical assessment (70%), applied practical work (20%) and other activities (10%), consolidating a comprehensive understanding of the punitive system and criminal liability in its different forms, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Provides an in-depth study of commercial obligations and contracts, negotiable instruments and an introduction to insolvency law, offering a practical view of how modern commerce operates in legal terms. Students analyse contracts for sale, agency, franchising, carriage, insurance and banking, as well as the regulation of the bill of exchange, cheque and promissory note. The module also addresses securities markets and the principles governing corporate insolvency. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), the module combines theory, case-solving, readings and individual or group coursework. Assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (40%) and theoretical–practical assessments (60%), strengthening competences in contractual interpretation, financial–legal analysis and business management from an integrated commercial law perspective, enhancing graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Encourages critical reflection on the meaning, foundations and values of law, exploring its relationship with justice, liberty, equality and morality. Drawing on the ideas of major legal philosophers, students examine the links between law, politics, ethics and society, developing a strong legal and ethical awareness. The module covers themes such as democracy, human rights, the nature and purpose of law, as well as its historical evolution and its role in the modern state. With a workload of 4.5 ECTS (135 hours), it combines readings, debates and analysis of classic and contemporary texts. Assessment is weighted between a theoretical–practical assessment (80%) and activities and coursework (20%), fostering a deep philosophical understanding of law as a rational, ethical and social system in constant transformation, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Regulates the award of up to 6 ECTS for students’ participation in university activities related to culture, sport, social action, cooperation or student representation. This recognition promotes holistic development, social commitment and active engagement in academic life beyond the compulsory curriculum. Activities may include seminars, conferences, volunteering, participation in student societies or institutional projects, as well as contributions to cultural or research initiatives. Awarding the credit requires official accreditation and is assessed with a single mark. This cross-curricular element promotes values of responsibility, active citizenship and personal development, reinforcing the social and ethical competences of future legal professionals and supporting graduate employability through clear career progression pathways.

Integrates learning in a real-world context and professional development through placements in organisations where students apply legal knowledge, compare working methodologies and prepare for entry into employment. The module (24 ECTS, fourth year, annual) comprises 500 placement hours and 720 hours of total student workload, with academic tutorials, a progress report and a final report, fostering analytical skills, teamwork, leadership and initiative in authentic professional settings. Assessment combines the placement supervisor’s evaluation (60% host organisation + 20% academic tutor) and the placement report (20%), ensuring evidence of learning and competence development. Eligibility requires completion of at least 50% of the programme credits and completion of the placement within the current academic year, with duration limits to ensure quality and academic compatibility. This experience strengthens the practical application of knowledge, decision-making and critical thinking, aligning university education with the demands of the legal sector, enhancing graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways through work-based learning.

Consolidates holistic learning and professional and academic competences through the individual completion of an original project or study that synthesises the knowledge acquired throughout the degree. Under the supervision of a lecturer, the student demonstrates the ability to analyse, research and argue rigorously, applying legal, ethical and methodological criteria. The process includes a written dissertation and a public viva before a panel, which assesses both the quality of the work and clarity of presentation, as well as critical capability. The module (6 ECTS, fourth year, annual) requires 180 hours of student workload across research, writing and tutorials, culminating in an experience that promotes intellectual autonomy, responsibility and analytical thinking, core pillars of contemporary legal practice, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Specialises students in the study of non-contractual civil liability, a core pillar of the system for compensating harm caused to people or property. The module examines the requirements of liability — conduct, fault or risk, damage and causation — as well as different attribution tests and their application in areas such as road traffic, healthcare, construction and the environment. It develops students’ ability to work with case law and specialist legislation, essential given the diversity of contemporary scenarios. With a workload of 3 ECTS (90 hours), it combines theory, judgment analysis and practical case-solving. Assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (40%) and theoretical–practical assessments (60%), building competences in advocacy, legal interpretation and the prevention of legal risk in civil matters, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Provides a comprehensive overview of the legal framework for energy, addressing its historical, institutional and regulatory development from both national and European perspectives. Students study the sources of energy law, the legal regime governing the electricity, gas and hydrocarbons sectors, as well as regulation on renewable energy, efficiency and sustainable mobility. The module links energy law to environmental and sustainability principles, analysing the relationship between energy, climate change and public policy. With a workload of 3 ECTS (90 hours), it combines theory, case studies and analysis of legislation and case law. Assessment is weighted between applied activities (40%) and a final assessment or written assignment (60%), developing lawyers able to interpret and apply energy legislation in contexts of ecological transformation and the transition to sustainable models, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Provides an in-depth analysis of the legal regime governing financial insolvency and the institutions designed to ensure either business continuity or the orderly realisation of the debtor’s assets. Students study pre-insolvency tools and the requirements for opening insolvency proceedings, the role of the insolvency bodies, and the effects of the insolvency declaration on both the debtor and creditors. The module also covers the common phase, composition agreement, liquidation and classification of the insolvency, as well as debt discharge and the special procedure for micro-enterprises. With a workload of 3 ECTS (90 hours), it combines theory, case-solving and case-law analysis. Assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (40%) and theoretical–practical assessments (60%), providing technical, applied training to address corporate and personal insolvency situations from an integrated legal perspective, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Analyses critically the forms of state and government from a comparative perspective, providing students with the tools to understand the different constitutional configurations of the contemporary world. The module examines democratic and autocratic political regimes, the territorial distribution of power — unitary, federal and multi-level — and the forms of headship of state, as well as presidential and parliamentary systems. It promotes a global view of modern constitutionalism and enables interpretation of the Spanish model in an international context. With a workload of 3 ECTS (90 hours), it combines lectures, online practical activities and academic tutorials. Assessment is weighted between practical activities (20%) and a final in-person assessment (80%), promoting critical thinking, legal comparison and understanding of constitutional systems in an interdependent world, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.

Develops advanced understanding of arbitration as an out-of-court method of dispute resolution, grounded in party autonomy and the exclusion of the ordinary courts. Students study domestic and international arbitration procedure, from the arbitration agreement and appointment of arbitrators through to the award and its enforcement, including annulment proceedings and the relationship between arbitration and the courts. The module also examines civil and commercial mediation under Law 5/2012 and its implementing regulations, highlighting the role of the mediator, the procedure and the effects of a mediation settlement. With a workload of 3 ECTS (90 hours), it combines theory, practical cases and statutory analysis. Assessment is weighted between continuous assessment (40%) and theoretical–practical assessments (60%), providing applied training in alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, strengthening graduate employability and supporting career progression pathways.